Uganda has experienced a sharp decline in forest cover, from 24% in 1990, to 9% in 2015, and land degradation which is associated with soil erosion is equally increasing. In order to mitigate this, Uganda has prioritised forest restoration through existing national targets and a Bonn Challenge pledge.

Forests account for 28% of France's land area and are some of the most diverse in Europe, comprising more than 140 species of trees. France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971.

Niger's economy is concentrated around subsistence and some export agriculture clustered in the more fertile south, and the export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger commited to restore 3.2 million hectares as a contribution to the Bonn Challenge.