Mozambique's economy is based largely on agriculture, but industry is growing, mainly food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, and aluminium and petroleum production. Mozambique has pledged to restore 1 million hectares of its land by 2030, in a commitment to the Bonn Challenge.

Niger's economy is concentrated around subsistence and some export agriculture clustered in the more fertile south, and the export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger commited to restore 3.2 million hectares as a contribution to the Bonn Challenge.

Russia has the world's largest forest reserves, known as "the lungs of Europe", second only to the Amazon Rainforest in the amount of carbon dioxide it absorbs. Russia possesses 10% of the world's arable land, and Lake Baikal alone contains over one-fifth of the world's fresh surface water.