Mozambique's economy is based largely on agriculture, but industry is growing, mainly food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, and aluminium and petroleum production. Mozambique has pledged to restore 1 million hectares of its land by 2030, in a commitment to the Bonn Challenge.

Forests in the Republic of the Congo are under increasing exploitation pressure, although petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. 

The first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands. However, there have been recent efforts to balance these problems, including an $84 billion five-year green growth project to boost energy efficiency and green technology.