There are 14 ecosystems in Zambia, classed into Forest, Thicket, Woodland and Grassland vegetation types. Zambia has approximately 12,505 identified species—63% animal species, 33% plant species and 4% bacterial and microorganism species.

Colombia has the largest number of mondasendemic species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia. 

Nigeria's eastern border contains a rainforest that is an important centre for biodiversity, including the world's largest diversity of butterflies. Unfortunately, a large area of southern Nigeria has lost most of its forest because of development and harvesting.