Forests account for 28% of France's land area and are some of the most diverse in Europe, comprising more than 140 species of trees. France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971.

Malawi's economy is based on agriculture, and more than one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues come from this. Through a pledge to the Bonn Challenge, Malawi has committed to restoring 2 million hectares of its land by 2020 and an additional 2.5 million hectares by 2030.

Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan African nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming. Benin has recently pledged through the Bonn Challenge to restore 200,000 hectares of its land by 2020, and 300,000 hectares by 2030.