Armenia's terrain is mostly mountainous, with fast flowing rivers and few forests. Armenia has established a Ministry of Nature Protection and introduced taxes for air and water pollution and solid-waste disposal, whose revenues are used for environmental protection activities.

Because of Norway's large latitudinal range and the varied topography and climate, Norway has a larger number of different habitats than almost any other European country. 

Grasslands mixed with south coastal shrublands and forests dominate Ghana, with forest extending northward from the south-west coast of Ghana. Ghana has committed to restoring 2 million hectares of forest land, through a pledge to the Bonn Challenge.