Section 2b REDD+ Options

• Sub-option 1.1 Harmonize protection and sustainable production strategies (page 79)
  • the main idea is to strike a better balance between protection and satisfying the needs for timber products. This process will be modeled on the national strategy for expanding the network of protected areas
  • Under this sub-option, a strategy for sustainably supplying markets with timber products will be developed, encompassing the sustainable use of existing natural and artificial forests as well as reforestation schemes and the restoration of degraded forest stands. Thus, this strategy will serve as a guiding line for REDD+ Strategic Sub-Options 2 and 3 discussed below
• Sub-option 2.3: Promote reforestation schemes and the restoration of degraded forest resources (page 83)
  • This strategic sub-option focuses on increasing the forest cover and thereby the forest carbon stocks through reforestation and restoration of degraded areas and the fight against vegetation fires. In this area, the private sector can play a fundamental role, and the following measures are conceivable:
    • Improve the sustainable management of forest plantings through capacity-building and diversification of actors;
    • Boost the productivity of existing forest plantings, particularly in the case of energy wood plantings, through gradual diversification of the species used and the introduction of improved reproduction techniques, so as to reduce their gradual degradation.
  • Efforts to restore degraded natural forests will focus on the following measures at existing and future protected areas and KoloAla sites:
    • Maintain connectivity and conserve biodiversity by restoring sensitive points in forest corridors;
    • Promote forest research needed to improve native forest species regeneration techniques.

• Timeline: 25 years
• 5.3 Description and justification of planned and ongoing activities under the proposed ER program
  • Strategy for logging - A strategy based on a combination of methods focused on sustainable forest management and restocking from degraded forests could allow a significant reduction of deforestation and promote enhancement of carbon stocks. This strategy could include (page 20):
    • The creation of alternative afforestation for timber and furniture based on fast-growing species, to provide regular timber stock in both time and template.
    • The sustainable management of degraded forest fallow for the recovery and the sustainable management of natural forest stock.
    • The agroforestry practice in forest fallows reconstitution, to increase the useful species for households and encourage the development of cash crops that require forest cover.
    • The development of created afforestation sustainable management plans and forest fallow regeneration.
• Annex 2: List of measures, projects and programs implemented in the territory of Madagascar delimiting country’s forest protection engagement
  • National Reforestation Strategy: developed in 2004 to promote tree plantations for energy purposes (followed by further regional and local strategies). Since that time, more than 140,000 ha of peasant plantings of eucalyptus as well as 65,000 ha of industrial plantations of pine were launched as part of these strategies. (page 64)
• Annex 3: relation between ER program activities and the emerging REDD+ strategy - Proposed activities (page 65)
  • Agroforestry (development of agriculture and livestock with trees)
  • Afforestation and reforestation: fuelwood and timber; private or communal (development of fuelwood and timber stocks in a quick cycle for local use or selling
  • Active ecosystem restoration for degraded forests
  • Passive ecosystem restoration with natural regeneration for degraded forests

• Reforestation program: increase total area under forest cover with indigenous species by 270,000 ha (page 2)
• Major Mitigation Actions – LULUCF (page 3)
  • Large scale reforestation for sustainable timber production and indigenous species for conservation
  • Large scale adoption of agroforestry
• Major Mitigation Actions – Agriculture (page 3)
  • Dissemination of arboriculture: from 2018 – 5,000 ha/yr
• Adaptation
  • Priority actions pre-2020
    • Restoration of natural forests and reinforcement of habitat connectivity (page 7)
  • Expected Impacts of actions before 2020
    • Restoration of 35,000 ha of primary forest areas and mangroves (page 7)
  • Actions to be undertaken 2020-2030
    • Restoration of natural habitats: forest and mangroves (45,000 ha) (page 8)
  • Expected impacts, until year 2025
    • 45,000 ha of forest area restored (page 8)
  • Expected impacts, until year 2030
    • Restoration of 55,500 ha of forests and mangroves (page 8)

• Actions – Forestry Sector
  • Implement reforestation on a large scale across 22 regions (page 2)
  • Restore the Torotorofotsy wetland/watershed: 9,000 ha

• The NBSAP 2002-2012 – Objectives and Strategic Priorities
  • Biodiversity Conservation – Reducing the Pressures (page 57):
    • Sustainable Forest Plantations: Sustainable forest plantations include reforestation, restoration, forest enrichment, brushwood planting, agroforestry, and ornamental planting. The national policy and strategy here have included all actors and stakeholders in the implementation.
• Evaluation of Progress (Aichi targets): target #; activities; effectiveness
  • Target 14; e.g. mangrove reforestation and restoration; insufficient
  • Target 15; mangroves reforestation and restoration, restoration of degraded ecosystems, incentives for forest plantations, bamboo plantations in lakes, river banks and mangrove restoration, site-focused reforestation and post-mining restoration, ecological rehabilitation for carbon sequestration within the scope of the CDM; very low effectiveness (page 112-113).

• Strategic Objective 14: in 2025 terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems are protected and restored (page 83
• Strategic Direction 14: promote sustainable management (page 83)
• Strategic Objective 15: by 2025 ecosystem resilience and the contribution of ecosystems to climate mitigation and adaptation are strengthened, including restoration of at least 15% of degraded ecosystems and the fight against desertification (page 83)
• Strategic Direction 15: establish restoration mechanisms for degraded ecosystems to then contribute to the fight against the effects of climate change (page 83)
• Strategic Objective 15 Action Plan (page 133)
  • Action: Develop community programs of rehabilitation for key ecosystems, including protected/conservation areas and sustainable use to enhance the adaptability and mitigation to climate change (timetable: by 2025)
  • Action: Develop and implement a national restoration plan for priority ecosystems vulnerable to the effects of climate change (page 134)
    • Indicator: National Restoration Plan (timetable: by 2022)
    • Indicator: National Restoration Implementation Plan (timetable: by 2022)

• Expected outcome: National Action Plan for the Conservation of Mangroves fully approved and financed (complements Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan) (page 2)
• Expected outcome: Nine New Protected Areas (297,000 ha) including micro-sites and key mangrove areas are given protection status - including critical mangrove sites that are restored (15,000 ha) (page 2-3)
• Financing = $16,218,265

• Component 2: Conserving 21 key species of global and national significance (20 tree species) – outcome indicators for improved conservation status: 100 ha of restored forest rich in the 20 species, 20 ha of agroforestry based on the 20 species – outputs include seedlings planted 260,000 (natural forest), 56,000 (agroforestry) (page 2-3)
• Financing = $19,751,427