Uganda has experienced a sharp decline in forest cover, from 24% in 1990, to 9% in 2015, and land degradation which is associated with soil erosion is equally increasing. In order to mitigate this, Uganda has prioritised forest restoration through existing national targets and a Bonn Challenge pledge.

Mozambique's economy is based largely on agriculture, but industry is growing, mainly food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, and aluminium and petroleum production. Mozambique has pledged to restore 1 million hectares of its land by 2030, in a commitment to the Bonn Challenge.

A reforestation program had been under way in Spain since 1940, for meeting market demand for forest products, controlling erosion, and providing seasonal employment in rural areas.