Brazil's Amazon rainforest is recognized as having the greatest biological diversity in the world. Through Bonn Challenge pledges by the Brazilian government and the Mata Atlântica Restoration Pact, 13 million hectares will be restored in Brazil by 2030.

Liberia possesses about forty percent of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest, and is a global biodiversity hotspot – hosting the last remaining viable populations of certain species including western chimpanzees, forest elephants and leopards.

A reforestation program had been under way in Spain since 1940, for meeting market demand for forest products, controlling erosion, and providing seasonal employment in rural areas.