Panama's tropical environment supports an abundance of plants. Forests dominate, interrupted in places by grasslands, scrub, and crops. Panama has committed to restore 1 million hectares by 2020, through a pledge to the Bonn Challenge.

Armenia's terrain is mostly mountainous, with fast flowing rivers and few forests. Armenia has established a Ministry of Nature Protection and introduced taxes for air and water pollution and solid-waste disposal, whose revenues are used for environmental protection activities.

Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan African nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming. Benin has recently pledged through the Bonn Challenge to restore 200,000 hectares of its land by 2020, and 300,000 hectares by 2030.